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Work · 2026-10-30

学德语

一个自学德语的网站:A1 到 C1 的知识点排成科技树,每个专项的速查页和练习免费开放;闯关、背单词和跟读是 Niuance+ 功能。

Self-taught German · A1–C1

German, piece by piece

From pronunciation to the subjunctive, in the order most courses teach it, laid out as a tech tree. Every point has a reference page – rules, tables, examples – with a drill right next to it. Read it, practise it, come back when you get it wrong.

  • 65grammar points
  • 19drills
  • 101verb families
  • 759separable verbs, each with an example
The German tech tree: points from A1 to C1 and the lines between them
Start with the tree65 points from A1 to C1; the lines show what to learn first. Points with a drill open straight away, dashed ones are still being written.
  1. Adjective endings: the weak declension in four cases and four genders

    02

    Tables that follow your words

    Adjective endings and article declension are not a table to cram: pick another adjective or noun on the left and the whole table changes, endings in bold. Hide the tables to test yourself.

  2. A word cloud with ziehen in the middle and eighteen derived verbs around it

    03

    One root, one word cloud

    ziehen brings anziehen, umziehen, erziehen and fifteen more. Solid lines are separable, dashed ones are not. Filter by level, sort by family size, change the type size, go full screen.

  3. The werfen card, with the forms and an example of vorwerfen in a panel

    04

    Tap a verb for its forms and an example

    101 families, 759 derived verbs, each with four forms and an everyday example that is read aloud when you tap it. The whole card downloads as PNG or PDF, ready to print.

  4. Seven uses of doch, each with three short exchanges and their translation

    05

    One small word, one page

    doch, schon, noch, mal, eigentlich, lassen: the hardest words to teach. Each use gets its own section and a few lines of dialogue.

  5. An article drill: the genitive plural definite article, with the four cases shown after the answer

    06

    Every page has a drill

    The drill sits next to the reference. Answer with keys 1–6 and see at once where the form sits in the table. Reference and drills are open to everyone, no sign-in needed.

Open the tech tree →See one drill: separable verbs

The tree, every reference page and every drill are free, in Chinese, English, Russian and Ukrainian. Quests with stars, WordLoop vocabulary and ShadowLoop shadowing are part of Niuance+.

这是我自学德语时一点点搭起来的网站。最开始只是几张速查表,后来加了练习、闯关、背单词和跟读,现在都放在 Niuance 学习里,地址是 learn.niuance.com/de。

先看科技树

我把德语语法从 A1 到 C1 的 65 个知识点,按大多数教材的顺序排成了一棵科技树。横向是级别,纵向分成八个分支:发音、动词与时态、名词冠词与格、代词、形容词、介词、句子结构、词的用法。连线表示学一个点之前,最好先会哪个。

每个点都有序号,比如可分动词是 A1.12。已经做了专项的点可以直接打开;还没有专项的也列在树上,哪些学过了、哪些还没碰,一眼就能看出来。

专项:学和练

现在有 19 个专项,覆盖 27 个知识点。每个专项分两部分:

速查页和上面的练习对所有人开放,不用登录。闯关需要 Niuance+。

背单词和跟读

这两个也是 Niuance+ 的功能。

怎么开始

不知道从哪儿开始,就从科技树最左边的 A1 往右看,找到第一个还不熟的点。先读速查页,做几题练习;觉得差不多了再去闯关。科技树会按你拿到的星数,标出哪些点已经掌握。

Niuance+ 可以先免费试用 3 天,不需要付款信息。

内容和来源

规则、例句、释义和题目都是我自己写的。WordLoop 的词库只用可以商用的开放数据:Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)、wordfreq(CC BY-SA 4.0)和 Tatoeba 的例句(CC BY 2.0 FR),来源和许可写在学习网站的“来源与许可”页上。

界面有中文、英文、俄语和乌克兰语。发现错误,请在下面留言告诉我。

Each drill carries its number in the German tech tree. The whole tree, including the points that have no drill yet, is in Niuance Learn: Open the German tech tree ↗

Vocabulary and shadowingNiuance+

  1. WordLoop

    Vocabulary

    Each word you learn gets its own memory curve (FSRS). When it is due it comes back in the day’s practice, as a flashcard, a meaning to pick or a word to write from dictation.

    Niuance+Open ↗
  2. ShadowLoop

    Shadowing

    Play a video one sentence at a time, say it after the speaker and see a pronunciation score for every word. Tap a word to look it up.

    Niuance+Open ↗

A1 · Beginner8 drills

  1. A1.01PronunciationStaat · Stadt · Buch · ich

    Pronunciation rules

    German is read as it is written: long and short vowels, ä ö ü, ei and eu, b d g at the end, s and sp, the five ways to say ch. Tap any example to hear it.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  2. A1.03Pronounsich · mich · mir · sich

    Personal and reflexive pronouns

    From ich, mich, mir to sich: nine persons in the nominative, accusative and dative, and the reflexive pronouns.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  3. A1.04Verbs and tensesich fahre · du fährst · er fährt

    Present tense

    Regular verbs, stem changes (fährst, liest, nimmt), modal verbs and sein, haben, werden, wissen in the present tense.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  4. A1.07Nouns, articles, casesdie Zeitung · das Mädchen · die Häuser

    Noun gender and plural

    Guess der, die or das from the ending or the meaning, with the exceptions side by side; the ways German forms plurals.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  5. A1.08Nouns, articles, casesder · ein · kein

    Article endings

    The definite, indefinite and negative article in all four cases: three tables and a few rules.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  6. A1.12Verbs and tensesrufe … an · angerufen · anzurufen

    Separable verbs

    When the prefix moves to the end and when it stays attached, where ge and zu go; which prefixes split, and how stress tells you with um-, über- and the like.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  7. A1.14Verbs and tenseskomm! · kommt! · kommen Sie!

    The imperative

    How to tell du, ihr and Sie, and how to say “let’s”; when the du form takes -e, when e turns to i, why a stays a; separable and reflexive verbs in commands.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  8. A1.15Verbs and tensesgehen · ging · ist gegangen

    Irregular verbs

    Past tense and past participle of common strong and irregular verbs, and whether the perfect takes haben or sein; grouped by vowel pattern.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗

A2 · Elementary7 drills

  1. A2.03Prepositionsmit dem · für den · in den / in dem

    Prepositions and case

    Prepositions that always take the dative or the accusative, two-way prepositions (where? or where to?), genitive prepositions, and contractions such as im and zum.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  2. A2.07Adjectivesalt · älter · am ältesten

    Comparatives and superlatives

    Comparatives and superlatives: which adjectives take an umlaut, which add -esten, and the irregular ones such as gut, viel, gern, hoch and nah.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  3. A2.08Adjectivesder gute · ein guter · guter

    Adjective endings

    Weak, mixed and strong endings: the adjective after der, after ein, or with no article.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  4. A2.11Words and particlesSchau mal · schon mal · nicht mal

    Seven uses of mal

    Times, just, some time, ever, used to, not even, that’s how it is: the little word you hear all day and textbooks barely mention.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  5. A2.12Words and particlesDoch! · Komm doch mit · Das weißt du doch

    Seven uses of doch

    Contradicting a negative, after all, but, go on, as you know, really!, if only: examples by use, plus how to answer with Ja, Nein or Doch.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  6. A2.13Words and particlesschon fertig · schon mal · Das wird schon

    Seven uses of schon

    Already, ever, it’ll be fine, yes but, come on, alone, rhetorical: examples by use, plus schon or erst.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  7. A2.14Words and particlesnoch nicht · noch einmal · nur noch

    Eight uses of noch

    Still, not yet, more, again, even, only … left, in time, what was it again: examples by use, plus noch, schon, erst and nicht mehr side by side.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗

B1 · Intermediate4 drills

  1. B1.02Verbs and tenseswarten auf · denken an

    Verbs + prepositions

    180 fixed verb + preposition combinations, each with an example, its case and the wo-/da- forms.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  2. B1.05Verbs and tensesreparieren lassen · Lass uns gehen · Lass das!

    Seven uses of lassen

    Have something done, let, let’s, leave, leave as it is, stop, can be done: examples sorted by use, plus lässt, ließ, gelassen and where “make” is not lassen.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  3. B1.13Sentence structureentweder … oder · weder … noch · je … desto

    Paired conjunctions

    entweder…oder, weder…noch, sowohl…als auch, nicht nur…sondern auch, zwar…aber, je…desto, einerseits…andererseits: meanings, examples and the word order that trips people up.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗
  4. B1.15Words and particlesEigentlich …, aber · Wie spät ist es eigentlich?

    Five uses of eigentlich

    Actually, by the way, basically, what on earth, real: one word that changes meaning between statements and questions.

    Reference · drill →Quest ↗

Tables, rules and examples written by Niuance. The reference pages come in English, Chinese, Russian and Ukrainian.

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